6CIT: Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test

What this assessment is

The Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test, or 6CIT, is a clinician-administered cognitive screen with a weighted error score from 0 to 28. Higher scores mean more errors. The original validation treated 8 or more as a positive screen, but that boundary does not diagnose or stage cognitive impairment.

This page covers Kingshill Version 2000. It uses six spoken tasks that sample orientation, attention, and short-term memory.

The 6CIT does not diagnose mild cognitive impairment, dementia, delirium, or any other condition.

Who it was designed for

The 6CIT is commonly used with older adults when a short cognitive screen is needed.

It can support an initial review in primary care, hospital, and community settings. A result may help a clinician decide whether fuller cognitive and medical assessment is needed.

The original validation compared the 6CIT with the Mini-Mental State Examination in older adults. Evidence from that setting does not make one threshold accurate for every age, language, culture, or clinical group.

Use the result for the person and setting that were assessed.

How it is administered

A health professional gives six short verbal tasks using the standardized instructions for the exact form and records the errors.

The tasks cover basic orientation, concentration, and delayed recall.

Hearing, vision, language, speech, education, fatigue, pain, anxiety, medicine effects, and acute illness can affect performance. Record these conditions before interpreting the result.

Administer all six tasks before calculating a score. No verified general rule supports estimating a 6CIT total from missing tasks.

What it measures

The 6CIT samples three parts of cognitive performance:

• orientation to basic facts
• attention and mental tracking
• short-term recall after a delay

This narrow focus is useful for a quick screen. It does not fully assess language, visual-spatial ability, executive function, insight, daily functioning, or decision-making capacity.

SLUMS and MoCA 8.1 sample a wider range of cognitive tasks. They use different scoring systems and should not be converted into a 6CIT score.

How scoring works

The 6CIT uses weighted error scoring. Some errors contribute more points than others.

Add the published weights for all six tasks. The total ranges from 0 to 28.

• 0 means no scored errors
• 28 is the highest possible error score

A higher 6CIT score means poorer performance, which is the opposite of many cognitive tests.

Use the weighting key for the exact form. Do not count every error as one point, replace a missing task with zero, or create a partial total.

How to interpret a 6CIT score

The original 6CIT validation used the boundary between 7 and 8. On that convention:

• 0 to 7 falls below the screening threshold
• 8 to 28 crosses the screening threshold

Some current clinical sheets divide the upper range again. One common convention labels 8 to 9 as possible mild impairment and 10 to 28 as more substantial impairment.

Those labels are referral conventions. They are not universal stages of cognitive disease.

A score of 8 or more means the screen found enough errors to support further review. It does not show the cause, establish severity, or confirm dementia.

What the score cannot tell you

The 6CIT cannot distinguish a long-term cognitive disorder from a temporary change caused by delirium, infection, medicine, sleep loss, pain, intoxication, or severe distress.

It cannot assess whether a person can make a specific decision. Capacity requires a separate, decision-specific assessment.

A lower score also does not rule out subtle decline. A person, family member, or clinician may notice meaningful change that this brief screen does not capture.

Compare the result with previous ability, daily functioning, informant history, physical health, and other findings.

Evidence and limitations

The six-task test developed from the Orientation-Memory-Concentration test and was later validated as the weighted 6CIT.

The current NMC score sheet identifies Kingshill Version 2000 and confirms the six-task, 0-to-28 scoring structure.

An independent comparison of brief cognitive screens found that useful thresholds can change with the sample and purpose. This is why one cutoff should not replace clinical judgment.

The test is short, so each task has a noticeable effect on the total. Administration changes, sensory barriers, and an unsuitable language version can therefore change the meaning of the score.

Record the form, language, conditions, and reason for testing with the result.